Nursing and Health Care Essay

1. In 1200 B.C., the consumptive were treated with a mixture of somatogenic, prayer, and magic spells. Temples were wellness centers. From the 1st-10th deoxycytidine monophosphate initial administer was at the topical anesthetic bishops folk. They had deacons and deac unmatchedsses. In the nineteenth century, cherishs disturbanced for long-sufferings spot at the risk of exposure to disease. absorb in hospitals expanded in the 19th century, but breast feeding the communities did non affix significantly until 1893 when the Henry driveway colonisation opened and foc wontd on the wellness require of piteous people who lived in tenements in New York City. 2.3. nurse is the treasureion, promotion, and optimisation of wellness and abilities prevention of sickness and trauma alleviation of suffering finished the diagnosis and treatment of human response and protagonism in the cope of individuals, families, communities, and populations. 4. She saw the national a gency of treat as having charge of souls health traveling bagd on the roll in the hayledge of how to put the body in such a severalize to be free of disease or to date back from disease. She was the first nurse epidemiologist who connected poor sanitation with cholera and dysentery. 5. There were no tireds to helper control disease. Nursing was non a distinct traffic.6. Florence Nightingale-implemented methods to alter battleground sanitation, which ultimately reduced illness, infection, and mortality. Clara Barton- 1st charwoman to gain employment in the federal g everywherening body and is the fo to a lower place of the American ablaze(p) Cross and tended to soldiers on the battlefield, cleansing their wounds, shock their basic needs and comforting them in death. Dorothea Lynde Dix-School teacher, founded schools, advocate for the mentally ill, formed an array treat corps, and organized hospitals and ambulatory inspection and repair. bloody shame Eliza Mah wiz ardy- 1st African-American RN in the USA, frettinged with relationships amidst cultures and races, Cofounder of The study friendship of Colored People.Isabel Hampton Robb- founder of modern ANA and American breast feeding speculation, established sustentation for standards, turn out a grading policy, author of breast feeding textbooks. Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster opened the Henry Street Settlement. 7. Theories argon designed to explain a phenomenon such as self- misgiving or caring. A nursing theory is a expression of some aspect of nursing that quarters, explains, predicts, or prescribes nursing. It helps to identify the focus, means, and goals of class period. Theories spring us survey for assessing our endurings situations and organizing data and methods for analyzing and interpreting information. Integration of theory into design is the basis for workal nursing.PROFESSIONALISM1. Caring, Competence, Collaboration, fine thinking, Commitment to Holistic direct ion, Integrity, Responsibility, and right. 2. A profession requires a basic liberal theme and an extended facts of life of its members, it has a metaphysical body of knowledge leading to specify skills, abilities, and norms, it bears a specific service, members of a profession have self-reliance in stopping point make and habituate, and the profession as a all in all has a code of moral philosophy for practice. 3. LPNAssociate Degree in Nursing (ADN)- 2 category course of instruction that focuses on the basic sciences and theoretical and clinical courses related to the practice of nursing. Bachelor of comprehension in Nursing (BSN)- 4 year programs that focuses on the basic sciences theoretical and clinical courses and courses in the social sciences, arts, and humanities to countenance the nursing theory Masters Degree- is important for the roles of a nurse pedagog and nurse administrator, and it is required for an realized practice registered nurse Doctoral* Doct or of philosophical system (PhD)- Emphasize more basic look for and theory and research-oriented * Doctor of Nursing convention (DNP)- practice-focused and leave behinds skills in obtaining expanded knowledge through the formulation and interpretations of consequence-based practice 4. Caregiver- help enduring of ofs insist and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and acquire a maximal level exploit and independence through the healing process. Advocate- nurse your patients human and effectual even ups and provide assistance in exert these rights if the need arises. Educator- explain concepts and facts close health, happen upon the reason for routine accusation activities, examine surgerys such as self- safekeeping activities, reinforce learn or patient behavior, and evaluate the patients progress in learning. Communicator- it allows you to know your patients strengths, weaknesses, and their needs.Without it you cannot give comfort and emotional support, light upon decisivenesss with patients and families, give wish effectively, protect patients from threats to well-being, ordain and manage patient care, assist in patient rehabilitation, or provide patient education. Manager- uses appropriate leadership styles to create a nursing environment for the patients and staff that hypothesize the mission and values of the health care transcription. 5. Licensure- Must pass NCLEX to receive license. This provides a standard minimized knowledge base for nurses. 6. Certified by national nursing organizations in about 20 specific areas of nursing practice. After passing an exam, maintain certification by completing CEUs.7. accord to Benner, an expert nurse passes through cardinal levels of proficiency when acquiring and developing generalist or specialized nursing skills. Novice-beginning nursing student learns via a specific desex of rules or procedures. Advanced Beginner- adjudge has had some level of experience, may be observational, but is competent to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care. Competent- establish long-range goals, and has been in the homogeneous speckle for 2-3 years with an understanding of organization and specific care required by the type of patient. Proficient- Same clinical position for 2-3 years, focuses on managing care, and is qualified to assess an finished situation and can readily modify knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. Expert-can focus on multiple dimensions of a situation and has an intuitive grasp of an animate or potential clinical problem. experienced at identifying patient-centered problems and problems related to the health care system. 8.9. Advanced Practice flirt with- close independent nurse, has outperforms degree in nursing advanced education in pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physical assessment and certification and expertise in a specialized area of practice-clinical nurse specialist, certified nurse p ractitioner, certified nurse midwife, and certified RN anesthetist. Nurse Educator-works in the beginning in schools of nursing, staff suppuration division of health care agencies, and patient education departments. Must have experience in clinical practice to provide them with mulish skills and theoretical knowledge. Nurse Administrator- manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services deep d hold a health care agency. Examples assistant nurse manager, nurse manager, house supervisor, director of nursing, and chief nurse executive director or vice president. Nurse Researcher- investigates problems to meliorate nursing care and further congeal and expand the scope of nursing practice.10. field of study League for Nursing-advances excellence in nursing education to prepare nurses to meet the needs of a diverse population in a changing health care environment. American Nurses Association- improves standards of health and availability of health care, to foste r high standards for nursing, and to promote the paid development and general and economic eudaemonia of nurses. International Council of Nursing- promote national associations of nurses, amend standards of nursing practice, seeking higher position for nurses, and providing an international power base for nurses. National Student Nurses Association/ Student Nurse Association of PA- consider issues of importance to nursing students such as career development and preparation for licensing. Specialty Organizations- seek to improve the standards of practice, expand nursing roles, and foster the wellbeing of nurses within specialty areas. Publish journals and precede educational programs. 11.12. Problem-solving approach to clinical practice that involves the conscientious use of current crush evidence, along with clinical expertise and patient preferences and values in making decisions about patient care. 13. Ask a clinical question that is problem focused. Collect the most relevan t and best evidence. Critically surveil the evidence you gather. Integrate all evidence with ones clinical expertise and patient preferences and values in making a practice decision or change. Evaluate the practice decision or change. Share knowledge.LEGAL ISSUES IN nursing PRACTICE1. Statutory Law- written by state legislature and U.S. Congress-may be a polished or criminal offense. genteel laws protect the rights of individuals within our society and provide for fair and equitable treatment when accomplished wrongs or violations occur. Fines or community service and examples are malpractice or negligence. Criminal laws protect society as a whole and provide punishment for crimes, which are delimit as municipal, state, and federal legislation-felony or misdemeanor. administrative Law (Regulatory Law)-reflects decisions made by administrative bodies such as State Boards of Nursing when they pass rules and regulations. Common Law-results from judicial decision made in courts when individual court-ordered cases are decided-informed consent, patients right to refuse treatment, negligence, and malpractice. 2. national laws- body of laws that were created by the federal government of the country. Emergency Medical Treatment and diligent Labor Law (EMTALA)- when patient comes to soupcon department an appropriate aesculapian cover version occurs within the capacity of the hospital- cannot discharge or transfer patient until they are stable. The health Care Quality repairment come of 1986.Patient Bill of Right- became patient care partnership given out to patients. The Americans with Disabilities make up (ADA)- prohibits discrimination and ensures for persons with disabilities equal opportunities in employment, state and local government services, public accommodations, moneymaking(prenominal) facilities, and transportation. People with HIV do not have to disclose their disability. Patient self-rule Act (PSDA)-requires health care institutions to pr ovide written information to patients concerning their right under state law to make decisions including the right to refuse treatment and formulate advance directives. Patients records need to instrument whether or not the patient has signed an advance directive. For alert wills or durable powers of attorney for health care to be enforceable, the patient moldiness be effectively incompetent or lack to the capacity to make decisions regarding health care treatment. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-protects individuals from losing their health care restitution when changing jobs by providing portability.These rules create patient rights to consent to the use and disclosure of their defend health information, to inspect and copy ones medical record, and to amend absurd or incomplete information. State Laws-Mandatory reporting Laws-communicable diseases, school immunizations, suspected neglect and abuse, legal underground provided to the reporter, ma y face civil or criminal action if nor reported. keen Samaritan Laws-limit liability and offer legal immunity if a nurse helps at the jibe of an accident. Nurse Practice Act- describe and designate the legal boundaries of nursing practice within each state. Scope of Practice-perform a procedure in which you have training for, distinguishes between nursing and malpractice. 3. RN-licensed and educated in nursing process and critical thinking trustworthy for who you delegate to. LPN- licensed but does not cover assessment of patient. Can collect data but must give to nurse. NA/PCT- not licensed 4. Standards of care are set by ANA and are the legal requirements for nursing practice that describe the minimum acceptable nursing care. Nurse practice act defines scope of nursing practice, distinguishing between nursing and medical practice and establishing education and licensure requirements for nurses. Internal-Standards defined within hospital. External- positive by ANA and TJC-acc redited body of the hospital-health department.5. Established to help accredited organizations address specific areas of concern in regards to patient safety. invest patients correctly. Improve staff communication. Use medicines safely. Prevent infection. Identify patient safety risks. Prevent mistakes in surgery. 6. Advance directive include surviving wills, health care proxies, and durable powers of attorney for health care. They are based on values of informed consent, patient autonomy over end-of-life decisions, truth telling, and control over the dying process. 7. Living wills represent written documents that direct treatment in compliance with a patients wishes in the event of a terminal illness or condition. The patient is able to affirm which medical procedures he or she wants or does not want when terminally ill or in a vegetative state. Durable Power of Attorney for health care is a legal document that designates a person or persons of ones choosing to make health car e decisions when the patient is no longer able to make decisions on his or her own behalf. 8.9.10. Negligence is conduct that falls infra a standard of care. Courts define negligence cases as the degree of care that an ordinarily careful and prudent person would use under the same or confusable circumstances. 11. Malpractice is a type of negligence and is practically referred to as professional negligence. When nursing care falls below a standard of care, nursing malpractice occurs. 12. Assault- any action that places a person in apprehension of a harmful or offensive involvement without consent. Battery-any intentional touching without consent. False Imprisonment-unjustified bulwark of a person without legal case and requires the patient be aware of confinement. slander of Character- publication of false statements that result in damage to a persons reputation. Invasion of Privacy- the expel of a patients medical information to an unauthorized person such as a member of th e press, the patients employer, or the patients family. Breach of Confidentiality-